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WASHINGTON: In New York, the Jackson Heights neighbourhood is alive with smells and sounds that evoke home: hilsa frying in mustard oil, khajur gurr<\/em> stacked beside jars of achar<\/em>, sari<\/em> shops glittering with Tangail cottons and Jamdani silks.<\/p>\n The chatter of Bangla in every accent \u2014 from the clipped tones of Shudhu Bangla to the soft drawl of Noakhali and the rolling lilt of Chittagong \u2014 further authenticated the atmosphere.<\/p>\n Restaurants serving Bengali biryani and pakoras sit side by side with Pakistani eateries. Mosques are filled with worshippers preparing for Ramazan, with banners welcoming the holy month and offers of free iftar visible on doors and gates.<\/p>\n This vibrant diaspora community, the largest Bangladeshi settlement in North America, marked the elections<\/a> and welcomed the results with a festive yet reflective mood. Residents had long participated in protests outside the United Nations headquarters against Sheikh Hasina Wajed\u2019s government. The neighbourhood has Awami League supporters too, but most are silent for now.<\/p>\n \u201cWe are hoping that it will bring stability and prosperity to Bangladesh,\u201d said Abul Hassan, a longtime shopkeeper. \u201cWe Bangladeshis have proven time and again that we do not tolerate tyranny. Hasina Wajed failed because she became a tyrant.\u201d<\/p>\n Hassan said most in Jackson Heights support the BNP, though some also admire Jamaat-e-Islami. Rasheed Ahmed, who runs a clothing store, called Jamaat\u2019s success \u201ca historic achievement for them anywhere in South Asia,\u201d expressing hope it could play a constructive role in parliament.<\/p>\n The BNP\u2019s victory was widely expected in Jackson Heights too, even before the Awami League was barred from the contest, leaving Bangladesh\u2019s largest opposition party with a clear path. Jamaat-e-Islami\u2019s gain of around 70 seats, however, has stunned analysts and raised concerns about the rise of political Islam.<\/p>\n Taj Hashmi, a Toronto-based historian and Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society, stressed the structural factors behind these results.<\/p>\n \u201cThe BNP\u2019s win was predictable,\u201d he said. \u201cEighteen years of political exclusion cannot erase deep-rooted grassroots networks. Anti-incumbency sentiment was enough to secure their return.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cWhile a formidable party like the Awami League was absent from the poll (for the right or wrong reasons), it was obvious that it would benefit the largest political party, the BNP,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n \u201cWhat\u2019s surprising is that the Jamaat-e-Islami, who never ever polled more than 4 to 7 per cent of the vote in Bangladesh since 1979, has captured around 70 seats in the parliament.\u201d<\/p>\n On Jamaat\u2019s gains, he added: \u201cThe Jamaat\u2019s rise reflects not only protest votes but the growing influence of political Islam among marginalised communities. Socioeconomic deprivation, unemployment, and decades of perceived injustice created fertile ground for their ideology.\u201d<\/p>\n Hashmi highlighted the party\u2019s historical persecution: \u201cUnder Hasina, Jamaat leaders were executed or imprisoned on charges dating back to 1971. That repression, while intended to weaken them, instead fortified their narrative as a party of martyrs.\u201d<\/p>\n He was candid about the party\u2019s ideology: \u201cJamaat\u2019s intellectual roots lie in a vision of an Islamic state that is anti-individualist, and opposed to gender equality.\u201d<\/p>\n Adding nuance, he noted: \u201cPolitical Islam has been rising gradually, but it was exacerbated by Hasina\u2019s heavy-handed rule. People seek alternatives, and even if Jamaat\u2019s agenda is concerning, their parliamentary presence now is a reflection of deeper societal currents.\u201d<\/p>\n Dr Mohammad Imran Hossain, a visiting professor from Dhaka in New York, framed the elections in terms of regional diplomacy.<\/p>\n \u201cIn recent years, Bangladesh\u2013Pakistan relations have been formal but cautious,\u201d the executive director of Bangladesh Institute of Development and Security Studies said.<\/p>\n \u201cA BNP-led government could normalise ties incrementally, focusing on trade, flights, and pragmatic engagement \u2014 while still balancing the vital relationship with India.\u201d<\/p>\n Prof. Imran cautioned that changes would be measured: \u201cDramatic breakthroughs are unlikely. Progress depends on mutual respect and the ability to manage the legacy of 1971. If both sides see strategic value, relations could improve steadily within broader regional frameworks.\u201d<\/p>\n Imran also highlighted the domestic dimension: \u201cThe rise of Jamaat, while politically significant, could challenge governance. BNP will need to ensure democratic norms while integrating these actors responsibly.\u201d<\/p>\n He added: \u201cThe BNP\u2019s foreign policy orientation will likely be pro-China and cautious toward India. That may unsettle New Delhi but could provide space for Bangladesh to diversify partnerships.\u201d<\/p>\n Observations from Washington<\/strong><\/p>\n US Secretary of State Marco Rubio\u2019s congratulatory message sounded cautious and formal. \u201cCongratulations to the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and its leader Tarique Rahman as well as the people of Bangladesh. The United States looks forward to working with the newly elected government to advance prosperity and the security of the region,\u201d he wrote.<\/p>\n The UN emphasised inclusive participation while noting intimidation and harassment of women candidates, including in cyberspace.<\/p>\n Michael Kugelman, a Washington-based scholar of South Asian affairs, described the process as peaceful, with strong turnout and no parties threatening to reject the results \u2014 a \u201csignificant step for democratisation,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/a>The rise of political Islam<\/h2>\n