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Today\u2019s young adults, on average, now spend more than a decade navigating the ambiguous space between sexual maturity and marriage. What was once a short transitional chapter has now become an extended, and often confusing act in a person\u2019s life.<\/span><\/p>\n William Shakespeare captured the drama of human development in these famous lines from \u201cAs You Like It,\u201d penned around 1599:<\/span><\/p>\n All the world\u2019s a stage,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n And all the men and women merely players;\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n They have their exits and their entrances;\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n And one man in his time plays many parts\u2026<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Centuries later, the theme still resonates: We all progress through life from infancy and childhood to adulthood and, if we\u2019re lucky, old age.<\/span><\/p>\n But one act of that lifelong drama \u2014 what Shakespeare called the season of the \u201clover\u201d \u2014 has grown significantly longer. A majority of young people today now date for over a decade before saying, \u201cI do.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n For most of history, \u201csexual debut\u201d (or losing one\u2019s virginity) and marriage were either concurrent or chronologically very close. In the 1950s, the <\/span>window between these events<\/span><\/a> was just a few short years for the average American.<\/span><\/p>\n Not so today. Sexual debut occurs, on average, at <\/span>17.4 years for women and 17.6 years for men<\/span><\/a>, statistics that have held relatively steady over time. But the average age for first marriage is now much later: <\/span>28.4 years for women and 30.8 years for men<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n Often billed as a fun season of life, the pre-marriage single years today are marked by loneliness, confusion, and poor mental health. <\/span><\/p>\n Shakespeare had it right when he described the lover:<\/span><\/p>\n Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n Made to his mistress\u2019 eyebrow.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Young adults today are indeed woeful.<\/span><\/p>\n Gen Z has struggled with <\/span>feelings of loneliness<\/span><\/a> more than any other generation: their <\/span>despair and disillusionment<\/span><\/a> are growing.<\/span><\/p>\n At least some of this disillusionment may find its root in a confusing dating culture. To extend Shakespeare\u2019s metaphor, one might say that we have lost the script for life. Just a few decades ago, young people knew they were expected to look for a spouse, marry, and then start a family and build a future together. Now that\u2019s not so clear.<\/span><\/p>\n So, what can be done? Do we write a new script? Dig up the old one?<\/span><\/p>\n In an age where freedom and self-determination are highly valued, any script may seem overly prescriptive. Of course, men and women should be free to make their own choices. No two love stories are the same. And there will always be some people who choose intentional lifelong singlehood. But the absence of norms and expectations appears to create its own problems.<\/span><\/p>\n The overwhelming majority of today\u2019s young adults still want to get married and have kids. In a new <\/span>national poll<\/span><\/a>, fully 80.5% of respondents (aged 18-29) were either married (18.5%) or said they hoped to get married one day (62%), and 70% said they either had kids already (24.5%) or hoped to have them (45.4%). Will they achieve these dreams?<\/span><\/p>\n We may not be able to replace the old script for family formation, but we can help the young adults \u2014 the lovers \u2014 who are stuck on stage, calling for a line. Changing our culture is hard, but possible.<\/span><\/p>\n For starters, we can be more honest about what choices and behaviors make people happiest.<\/span><\/p>\n More time spent single before marriage means more opportunity to gain pre-marriage sexual experience, but this isn\u2019t a good thing. Our culture tells young adults that pornography, casual sex, and cohabitation are no big deal. Social science, however, suggests otherwise. These choices are associated with <\/span>worse health<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>worse mental health<\/span><\/a>, and <\/span>lower marriage satisfaction<\/span><\/a>. Sexual inexperience is actually linked to <\/span>stronger, happier marriages<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n Pornography poses particular problems for Gen Z. We\u2019re not talking about your dad\u2019s Playboy magazine anymore; we\u2019re talking about a lethal cocktail of social media, artificial intelligence, and ubiquitous internet connection. And it\u2019s not just the guys: Young women are increasingly reading and listening to erotic literature.<\/span><\/p>\n A solo sex life is a cheap but easy replacement for relationships with real-life human beings. After all, fellow humans come with smelly socks, emotional baggage, and for many in Gen Z, <\/span>divergent political views<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n The widening political divide between young women and men both reflects \u2014 and reinforces \u2014 today\u2019s strained dating culture. Time spent online only <\/span>deepens political animosity<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n And yet, young, single people are <\/span>very online<\/span><\/a>, sometimes using the internet to look for love. Technology has made connections easier, but relationships harder. Many married couples <\/span>first met on dating apps<\/span><\/a>. But online dating offers a literal world of possibilities when it comes to potential \u201cmatches.\u201d Youth of yesteryear were often constrained to high school sweethearts or college coed counterparts. This \u201c<\/span>paradox of choice<\/span><\/a>\u201d that overwhelms today\u2019s dating men and women also undermines their satisfaction even after they commit to one another.<\/span><\/p>\n The influence of technology on relationships goes even deeper: Young people today are spending a lot of time on <\/span>social media<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>video games<\/span><\/a>, and less time on <\/span>in-person social interactions<\/span><\/a>, where real-life relationship skills develop. The COVID pandemic accelerated this trend, but it was <\/span>underway before<\/span><\/a> (and <\/span>continues after<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n Underdeveloped social skills are likely contributing to \u201capproach anxiety\u201d in today\u2019s young men, who say they <\/span>don\u2019t want to come off as \u201ccreepy<\/span><\/a>\u201d when asking a girl out in real life. The #MeToo movement has also played a factor. While the effort to raise awareness about sexual misconduct has had some positive effects, <\/span>it chilled many male-female interactions<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n Most (54.3%) young adults agree that #MeToo has made men fearful of false accusations and, therefore, less interested in dating. Gen Z still expects the man to make the first move, but mixed messages on masculinity are contributing to men\u2019s anxiety in approaching women.<\/span><\/p>\n Many young people of both sexes are anxious about parenthood. Among young adults who say they don\u2019t want kids, the most commonly-cited reason is, \u201cI don\u2019t think I\u2019ll be a good parent,\u201d outranking cost, career impact, and societal concerns. In the 18-24 age range, nearly one in three (32.3%) respondents who didn\u2019t want kids cited this as their primary reason.<\/span><\/p>\n This points to something cultural \u2014 not economic or policy-oriented \u2014 about parenthood hesitancy. Perhaps our social expectations of parents have gotten unrealistically high. Perhaps our cultural messages on what makes a \u201cgood parent\u201d or even a \u201cgood life\u201d have become less clear.<\/span><\/p>\n Whatever it is that has deteriorated the confidence of young adults, it won\u2019t be easily fixed by a new government program or subsidy. More and more pundits and institutions are <\/span>joining the bandwagon for a big-government pro-family agenda,<\/span><\/a> but this is ill-advised. Decisions about family formation aren\u2019t like other consumer decisions that are more easily influenced by government intervention. They relate deeply to our conceptions of identity, morality, and meaning. They can totally change the direction of our life\u2019s story.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cAll the world\u2019s a stage\u201d comes from the play \u201cAs You Like It\u201d and like most Shakespearean comedies, the final scene is \u2014 you guessed it \u2014 a wedding. Young adults today can still find their happy ending, too. But they would benefit from a culture that puts less emphasis on shallow, short-term satisfaction and more emphasis on becoming people who can build a future.<\/span><\/p>\n * * *<\/p>\n Hadley Heath Manning is a senior fellow with Independent Women and author of the new report \u201cThe Dating Decade: Hooking Up, Hanging Out, and Swiping Right.\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n
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